PV Module Developments

Explore module technology introductions, commercial maturity and representative efficiency records grouped into five-year periods.

PV module commercial-readiness timeline

Select a decade to see module technologies introduced or commercially maturing in that period and their indicative Commercial Readiness Level (CRL).

Commercial maturity snapshot

1950s

CRL 1–3 Commercial concept CRL 4–6 Market validation CRL 7–8 Launch and scale-up CRL 9 Widespread adoption

Loading the 1950s module commercial-readiness snapshot.

How to read this: ratings are indicative editorial assessments of commercial maturity in each decade. They consider product definition, market validation, certification, manufacturing and supply-chain scale, sales and deployment. They are not formal certifications and do not replace technical performance or reliability evidence. Nine-point CRL framework context.

PV module efficiency development graph

The highest-efficiency record for every module category and chemistry in each five-year period.

25% 50% 75% 100%

Loading records

Marker shape and fill identify the chemistry; trendline colour and dash pattern identify the module category, matching the PV Module archive. Historical records retain their original area, test-condition and certification caveats.

Preparing five-year representative module records.